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- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Hong Kong
- Header
-
-
- Affiliation:
- (dependent territory of the UK)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Hong Kong
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
- Map references:
- Southeast Asia
- Area:
- total area:
- 1,040 sq km
- land area:
- 990 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly less than six times the size of Washington, DC
- Land boundaries:
- total 30 km, China 30 km
- Coastline:
- 733 km
- Maritime claims:
- territorial sea:
- 3 nm
- International disputes:
- none
- Climate:
- tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring
- through summer, warm and sunny in fall
- Terrain:
- hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north
- Natural resources:
- outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 7%
- permanent crops:
- 1%
- meadows and pastures:
- 1%
- forest and woodland:
- 12%
- other:
- 79%
- Irrigated land:
- 20 sq km (1989)
- Environment:
- current issues:
- air and water pollution from rapid urbanization
- natural hazards:
- occasional typhoons
- international agreements:
- NA
- Note:
- more than 200 islands
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Hong Kong
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 5,542,869 (July 1995 est.)
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 19% (female 499,460; male 549,734)
- 15-64 years:
- 70% (female 1,866,540; male 2,016,684)
- 65 years and over:
- 11% (female 331,391; male 279,060) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- -0.12% (1995 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 12.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 6.02 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- -7.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 80.18 years
- male:
- 76.78 years
- female:
- 83.78 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 1.39 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Chinese
- adjective:
- Chinese
- Ethnic divisions:
- Chinese 95%, other 5%
- Religions:
- eclectic mixture of local religions 90%, Christian 10%
- Languages:
- Chinese (Cantonese), English
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over has ever attended school (1971)
- total population:
- 77%
- male:
- 90%
- female:
- 64%
- Labor force:
- 2.8 million (1990)
- by occupation:
- manufacturing 28.5%, wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels
- 27.9%, services 17.7%, financing, insurance, and real estate 9.2%, transport
- and communications 4.5%, construction 2.5%, other 9.7% (1989)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Hong Kong
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- none
- conventional short form:
- Hong Kong
- Abbreviation:
- HK
- Digraph:
- HK
- Type:
- dependent territory of the UK scheduled to revert to China in 1997
- Capital:
- Victoria
- Administrative divisions:
- none (dependent territory of the UK)
- Independence:
- none (dependent territory of the UK; the UK signed an agreement with China
- on 19 December 1984 to return Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997; in the
- joint declaration, China promises to respect Hong Kong's existing social and
- economic systems and lifestyle)
- National holiday:
- Liberation Day, 29 August (1945)
- Constitution:
- unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice; new Basic Law
- approved in March 1990 in preparation for 1997
- Legal system:
- based on English common law
- Suffrage:
- direct election 21 years of age; universal for permanent residents living in
- the territory of Hong Kong for the past seven years; indirect election
- limited to about 100,000 professionals of electoral college and functional
- constituencies
- Executive branch:
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
- head of government:
- Governor Chris PATTEN (since 9 July 1992); Chief Secretary Anson CHAN Fang
- On-Sang (since 29 November 1993)
- cabinet:
- Executive Council; appointed by the governor
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral
- Legislative Council:
- indirect elections last held 12 September 1991 and direct elections were
- held for the first time 15 September 1991 (next to be held 17 September 1995
- when the number of directly-elected seats increases to 50); results -
- percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total; 21 indirectly elected by
- functional constituencies, 18 directly elected, 18 appointed by governor, 3
- ex officio members); indirect elections - number of seats by functional
- constituency NA; direct elections - UDHK 12, Meeting Point 3, ADPL 1, other
- 2
- Judicial branch:
- Supreme Court
- Political parties and leaders:
- Democratic Party, Martin LEE, chairman; Democratic Alliance for the
- Betterment of Hong Kong, TSANG Yuk-shing, chairman; Hong Kong Democratic
- Foundation, Dr. Patrick SHIU Kin-ying, chairman
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Hong Kong
- Government
- note:
- in April 1994, the United Democrats of Hong Kong (UDHK) and Meeting Point
- merged to form the Democratic Party; the merger became effective in October
- 1994
- Other political or pressure groups:
- Liberal Party, Allen LEE, chairman; Association for Democracy and People's
- Livelihood (ADPL), Frederick FUNG Kin Kee, chairman; Liberal Democratic
- Federation, HU Fa-kuang, chairman; Federation of Trade Unions (pro-China),
- LEE Chark-tim, president; Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council
- (pro-Taiwan); Confederation of Trade Unions (pro-democracy), LAU Chin-shek,
- chairman; Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce; Chinese General Chamber of
- Commerce (pro-China); Federation of Hong Kong Industries; Chinese
- Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Professional Teachers'
- Union, CHEUNG Man-kwong, president; Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the
- Patriotic Democratic Movement in China, Szeto WAH, chairman
- Member of:
- APEC, AsDB, CCC, ESCAP (associate), GATT, ICFTU, IMO (associate), INTERPOL
- (subbureau), IOC, ISO (correspondent), WCL, WMO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- none (dependent territory of the UK)
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Consul General Richard W. MUELLER
- consulate(s) general:
- 26 Garden Road, Hong Kong
- mailing address:
- PSC 464, Box 30, Hong Kong, or FPO AP 96522-0002
- telephone:
- [852] 523-9011
- FAX:
- [852] 845-4845
- Flag:
- blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with the Hong
- Kong coat of arms on a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag;
- the coat of arms contains a shield (bearing two junks below a crown) held by
- a lion (representing the UK) and a dragon (representing China) with another
- lion above the shield and a banner bearing the words HONG KONG below the
- shield
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Hong Kong
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- Hong Kong has a bustling free market economy with few tariffs or nontariff
- barriers. Natural resources are limited, and food and raw materials must be
- imported. Manufacturing accounts for about 17% of GDP. Goods and services
- exports account for about 50% of GDP. Real GDP growth averaged a remarkable
- 8% in 1987-88, slowed to 3.0% in 1989-90, and picked up to 4.2% in 1991,
- 5.0% in 1992, 5.2% in 1993, and 5.5% in 1994. Unemployment, which has been
- declining since the mid-1980s, is now about 2%. A shortage of labor
- continues to put upward pressure on prices and the cost of living. Prospects
- for 1995-96 remain bright so long as major trading partners continue to be
- reasonably prosperous and so long as investors feel China will support free
- market practices after the takeover in 1997.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $136.1 billion (1994 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 5.5% (1994 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $24,530 (1994 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 8.5% (1994)
- Unemployment rate:
- 1.9% (1994 est.)
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $19.2 billion
- expenditures:
- $19.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY93/94)
- Exports:
- $168.7 billion (including re-exports of $121.0 billion )(f.o.b., 1994 est.)
- commodities:
- clothing, textiles, yarn and fabric, footwear, electrical appliances,
- watches and clocks, toys
- partners:
- China 32%, US 23%, Germany 5%, Japan 5%, UK 3% (1993 est.)
- Imports:
- $160 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)
- commodities:
- foodstuffs, transport equipment, raw materials, semimanufactures, petroleum;
- a large share is re-exported
- partners:
- China 36%, Japan 19%, Taiwan 9%, US 7% (1993 est.)
- External debt:
- none (1993)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate 2% (1993 est.)
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 8,930,000 kW
- production:
- 33 billion kWh
- consumption per capita:
- 4,628 kWh (1993)
- Industries:
- textiles, clothing, tourism, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks
- Agriculture:
- minor role in the economy; local farmers produce 26% fresh vegetables, 27%
- live poultry; 8% of land area suitable for farming
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Hong Kong
- Economy
- Illicit drugs:
- a hub for Southeast Asian heroin trade; transshipment and major financial
- and money-laundering center; increasing indigenous amphetamine and cocaine
- abuse
- Economic aid:
- recipient:
- US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $152 million; Western (non-US)
- countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $923 million
- Currency:
- 1 Hong Kong dollar (HK$) = 100 cents
- Exchange rates:
- Hong Kong dollars (HK$) per US$ - 7.800 (1994), 7.800 (1993), 7.741 (1992),
- 7.771 (1991), 7.790 (1990); note - linked to the US dollar at the rate of
- about 7.8 HK$ per 1 US$ since 1985
- Fiscal year:
- 1 April - 31 March
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Hong Kong
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- total:
- 35 km
- standard gauge:
- 35 km 1.435-m gauge
- Highways:
- total:
- 1,100 km
- paved:
- 794 km
- unpaved:
- gravel, crushed stone, earth 306 km
- Ports:
- Hong Kong
- Merchant marine:
- total:
- 217 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,657,749 GRT/13,181,496 DWT
- ships by type:
- bulk 116, cargo 29, chemical tanker 2, combination bulk 2, combination
- ore/oil 6, container 28, liquefied gas tanker 5, oil tanker 18, refrigerated
- cargo 7, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 3
- note:
- a flag of convenience registry; includes 15 countries among which are UK
- with 53 ships, China 15, Bermuda 7, Japan 6, Belgium 3, Germany 3, Greece 3,
- Canada 2, Netherlands 2, Singapore 2
- Airports:
- total:
- 3
- with paved runways over 3,047 m:
- 1
- with paved runways under 914 m:
- 2
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Hong Kong
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- 3,000,000 telephones; modern facilities provide excellent domestic and
- international services
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- microwave transmission links and extensive optical fiber transmission
- network
- international:
- 3 INTELSAT (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) earth stations; coaxial
- cable to Guangzhou, China; links to 5 international submarine cables
- providing access to ASEAN member nations, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, Middle
- East, and Western Europe
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 6, FM 6, shortwave 0
- radios:
- 2.5 million
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 4 (British Broadcasting Corporation repeater 1; British Forces Broadcasting
- Service repeater 1)
- televisions:
- 1.312 million (1,224,000 color TV sets)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Hong Kong
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Headquarters of British Forces, Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, Royal
- Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force, Royal Hong Kong Police Force
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 1,634,559; males fit for military service 1,245,905; males
- reach military age (18) annually 40,996 (1995 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $207 million, 0.2% of GDP (FY92/93); this
- represents 65% of the total cost of defending the colony, the remainder
- being paid by the UK
- Note:
- defense is the responsibility of the UK
-